“Nutrition Exam III
Study Guide for Pregnancy, Infancy, Children, Adolescents, and Adult
Years"
By Ramesh
C.Reddy
Pittsburgh Standard
Tuesday,
October 24,
2006
Editors Note: After praying to the Lord Jesus to help me study and
see if I can help anyway other students to study I have prepared a more
comprehensive study guide for this exam compared to previous exams. This
serves as a sample exam and a study guide.
Look at the question without looking at the multiple choice questions.
If you do not know the answer study that entire section because it is
very possible you could get variations of the questions wrong pertaining
to that topic. If you do get the answer right, ask yourself what would
make the other answer correct. Most of the choices have correct answers
to them.
Last exam was way harder than the sample exam. I am hoping mine is
harder than the real exam and you all learn as much knowledge as
possible from these 3 chapters so it will help you on the real exam.
Take this sample exam in test conditions and see how well you will do
and where you need to brush up on!
My main reason to send these questions is also to present Scripture
to you all when you are studying. If you are offended by the Scripture
verses, feel free not to use the study guide.
Chapter 10, ENERGY NEEDS: p. 174
1) During pregnancy, the mother needs more energy
in the form of ________ to supply the increased fuel demanded by the
enlarged metabolic workload of both mother and fetus.
A. Proteins
B. Kilocalories
C. Minerals
D. Vitamins
E. None of the above
"O LORD, you have searched me and you know me. You know when
I sit and when I rise;you perceive my thoughts from afar."
(Psalm 139: 1-2, NIV)
What would make ‘A’ the right answer?
Protein serves
as the building blocks for the tremendous growth of body tissues
during pregnancy. There is an increased need in protein for the
rapid growth of the fetus, development of the placenta, growth
of maternal tissues, increased maternal blood volume, amniotic
fluid, and storage reserves.
B is the
correct answer
What would make
‘C’ the right answer?
Increases in
most minerals are needed during pregnancy to meet the greater
structural and metabolic requirements.
What would make
‘D’ the right answer?
Increases in
most vitamins are needed during pregnancy to meet the greater
structural and metabolic requirements.
Chapter 11,
NUTRITION FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 193
2) Rapid growth occurs in this stage of the normal
human life cycle….
A. Adolescence
B. Childhood
C. Infancy
D. Both a & c
E. Both b & c
"You discern my going out and my lying down; you are familiar
with all my ways. Before a word is on my tongue you know
it completely, O LORD." (Proverbs 139:3-4, NIV)
The correct answer is D
What would make ‘A’ alone the correct
answer?
- The onset of puberty.
- The flooding sex hormones and
increased growth hormone bring multiple and often
bewildering body changes to young adolescents.
- Long bones grow rapidly
- Sex characteristics develop
- Fat and muscle mass increase
What would make ‘B’ alone the correct
answer?
- Growth rate slows and becomes
irregular.
- Growth occurs in small spurts
- Increased appetites
- Appetites taper off during periodic
plateaus
- Parents who recognize the ebb and flow
of normal growth patterns in the “latent period of
childhood” will relax and enjoy their child.
- Inexperience or lack of knowledge of
this normal flux in growth and appetite can result in stress
and battles over food between parents and children.
What would make ‘C’ alone the correct
answer?
- Growth is rapid during the first year
of life.
- Most infants double their weight by
the time they are 6 months of age.
- Most infants triple their weight by 1
year of age.
- Growth in length is not quite as rapid
- Infants increase their birth length by
50% in the first year.
- Infants double it by age 4.
Chapter 12, SHAPING
INFLUENCES ON ADULT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, p. 213 - 214
3) This process maintains vigor and wholeness of
body structure and function, increases learning, and strengthens mental
capacities.
A. Psychosocial Development
B. Physical Growth
C. Socioeconomic Status
D. Nutritional Needs
E. None of the above
"You hem me in—behind and before; you have laid your hand
upon me. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me, too lofty for
me to attain." (Psalm 139:5-6, NIV)The
answer is B.
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
Human personality development continues through the adult
years.
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
Our rapidly changing world is experiencing major social
and economic shifts.
2)
These pressures directly influence food security and
health.
3)
As they age, many older adults find themselves under
increasing financial pressure.
4)
Economic insecurity creates added stress and often leads
to the need for food assistance.
What would male ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
Nutritional needs vary according to working and living
situations.
2)
The aging process influences individual nutritional
needs.
Chapter 10, PROTEIN
NEEDS, p. 174
4) Serves as the building block for the tremendous
growth of body tissues during pregnancy.
A. Fetus
B. Placenta
C. Maternal blood volume
D. Amniotic Fluid
E. Protein
"Where can I go from your Spirit? Where can I flee from your
presence? If I go up to the heavens, you are there; if I make my
bed in the depths, you are there." (Psalm 139:7-8, NIV)
The correct answer is ‘E’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
There is rapid growth of the fetus which requires
increased protein needs.
2)
The mere increase in size of the fetus from one cell to
millions of cells in a 3.2 kg (7-lb) infant in only 9 months
indicates the relatively large amount of protein required for
such rapid growth.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
The placenta is the fetus’s lifeline to the mother.
2)
The mature placenta requires sufficient protein for its
complete development as a vital and unique organ to sustain,
support, and nourish the fetus during growth.
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
The mother’s blood volume increases 20% to 50% during
pregnancy.
2)
More circulating blood is necessary to nourish the child
and support most of the increased metabolic workload.
3)
With extra blood volume comes a need for more synthesis
of blood components, especially hemoglobin and plasma protein,
which are proteins vital to the pregnancy.
4)
An increase in hemoglobin helps supply oxygen to the
growing number of cells.
5)
Plasma protein (albumin) production increases relative to
the growing blood supply to regulate circulation between
capillaries and cells.
6)
Albumin in the blood provides the osmotic force
constantly needed to pull the tissue fluids back into
circulation after they have bathed and nourished the cells.
7)
Albumin prevents an abnormal accumulation of water in the
tissues, beyond the normal edema of pregnancy.
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
This contains various proteins
This surrounds the fetus during growth
This guards the fetus against shock or injury.
Chapter 11,
Nutritional Requirements for Growth, p. 196
5)
During the first 3 years of life children need an average of
_______ kcal/kg body weight per day to support rapid growth.
- 30 to 40 kcal/kg per day
- 105 to 130 kcal/kg per day
- 90 to 110 kcal/kg per day
- None of the above
"If I rise on the wings of the dawn, if I settle on the far
side of the sea, even there your hand will guide me, your right
hand will hold me fast." (Psalm 139: 9-10, NIV)
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
Adults need 30 to 40 kcal/kg per day
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
Energy needs of premature infants are even greater
ranging from 105 to 130 kcal/kg per day.
Chapter 12, THE
AGING PROCESS AND NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
6) During these years, there is generally a gradual
loss of functioning cells with reduced cell metabolism.
- During young adulthood
- During older adulthood
- During middle adulthood
- Both a and b
- Both b and c
"If I say, "Surely the darkness will hide me and the light
become night around me," even the darkness will not be dark to
you; the night will shine like the day, for darkness is as light
to you." (Psalm 139:11-12, NIV)
The answer is ‘E’
What would make ‘A’ the right answer?
- The age range between 20 to 44 years.
- They are increasingly independent
- They form many new relationships, adopt new
roles, and make many choices concerning continued education, career,
jobs, marriage, and family.
- Experience considerable stress but also
significant personal growth.
- Years of career beginnings, establishing one’s
own home, and starting young children on their way.
- Sometimes health problems relate to these
early stress periods.
What would make ‘B’ alone the right answer?
- They may have a sense of wholeness and
completeness, or they may increasingly withdraw from life.
- If the outcome of their life experiences is
positive, they arrive as rich persons, rich in the wisdom of their
years – and enjoy life and health, enriching the lives of those
around them.
- The subdivision of young old is between 65-
74.
- The subdivision of elderly is between 75-84
- The subdivision of old is old is between 85 +
What would make ‘C’ the right answer?
- They present an opportunity to expand personal
growth.
- Most cases parents may have a sense of “it’s
my turn now”
- It is also a time of coming to terms with what
life has offered, a “regrouping” of ideas, life directions, and
activities.
- A sort of regeneration of one’s own life in
the lives of young people following along a similar path.
Chapter 10, Key
Mineral and Vitamin Needs, pp. 175, 178
7) A good supply of this is needed along with
phosphorus, magnesium, and Vitamin D for fetal development of bones and
teeth, as well as the mother’s own body needs. Also aids in the clotting
of blood.
- Folate
- Iron
- Iodine
- Calcium
- None of the above
"For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my
mother's womb. I praise you because I am fearfully and
wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full
well." (Psalm 139:13-14, NIV)
The correct answer is ‘D’.
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
- The current DRI’s recommend a daily intake of
600 micrograms during pregnancy and 400 micrograms/day for non
pregnant females during childhood years.
- Builds mature red blood cells throughout
pregnancy and is also particularly needed during early
periconceptional period to ensure healthy embryonic tissue
development and prevent malformation of neural tube.
- Deficiency of this can cause Spina bifida and
anencephaly, the two most common form of neural tube defects in the
United States.
- Spina fida, which affects about 2000 newborns
in the U.S each year occurs when the lower end of the neural tube
fails to close due to a deficiency of this.
- Anencephaly occurs when the upper end of the
neural tube fails to close where the brain fails to develop or is
absent entirely. Those affected by anencephaly often end in
miscarriages or death soon after delivery as a result of this
deficiency.
- All enriched flour and grain products, as well
as fortified cereals, contain a well absorbed form of dietary folic
acid.
- Natural sources of this include liver, dark
green leafy vegetables, legumes (pinto beans, black beans, and
kidney beans), soybeans, wheat germ, orange juice, asparagus, and
broccoli.
What would make ‘B’ the
correct answer?
- Pregnant woman need 27 mg/day of this mineral
which is 9 mg/day more than woman’s normal need.
- Essential for the increased hemoglobin
synthesis required for the greater maternal blood volume, as well as
for the baby’s necessary prenatal storage of iron.
- Because this occurs in small amounts in food
sources and much of this intake is not in a readily absorbable form,
the maternal diet alone can rarely meet needs therefore supplements
are recommended.
- Consuming foods high in vitamin C along with
dietary sources of this enhances the body’s ability to absorb and
utilize low bioavailable sources of this.
What would make ‘C’ the
correct answer?
- Adequate intake of this is essential for
producing more thyroxine, which is the thyroid hormone needed in
greater amounts to control the increased basal metabolic rate during
pregnancy.
- This increased need is easily ensured by the
use of iodized salt.
Chapter 11, AGE
GROUP NEEDS, p. 197
8) The doctor tells
Esther that her baby weighs less than 2500 g (5 lbs) and needs special
care. What do you think the doctor’s diagnosis on the baby’s weight
would be?
- Extremely Low Birth Weight
- Very Low Birth Weight
- Low Birth Weight
- Preterm
- Premature
"My frame was not hidden from you when I was made in the secret place.
When I was woven together in the depths of the earth, your eyes
saw my unformed body. All the days ordained for me were written
in your book before one of them came to be." (Psalm 139:15-16,
NIV)
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
If Esther’s baby weighed less than 990 g (2 lbs) this would be
the case.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
If Esther’s baby weighed less than 1500 g (3 lbs)
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
Defined by gestational age, premature babies are born under 270
days of gestation and weigh less than 2500 g (5 lbs)
What would make ‘E’ the correct answer?
1)
More body water, less protein, and fewer minerals.
2)
Little subcutaneous fat to maintain body temperature.
3)
Poorly calcified bones
4)
Incomplete nerve and muscle development, making their sucking
reflexes weak.
5)
Limited ability for digestion-absorption and renal function.
6)
An immature liver, lacking developed metabolic enzyme systems or
adequate iron stores.
7)
To survive these “tiny babies” require special feeding.
Chapter 12 –
Nutritional Needs, p. 215
9). Because of gradual loss of functioning body
cells and reduced physical activity, adults generally require less of
this as they grow older.
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
C. Energy
D. All of the Above
E. None of the above
"How precious to me are your thoughts, O God! How vast is the
sum of them! Were I to count them, they would outnumber the
grains of sand. When I awake, I am still with you." (Psalm
139:17-18, NIV)
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
A diet with a variety of foods should supply most of this in the
amounts needed for healthy adults.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1) A diet with a variety of foods should supply
most of this in the amounts needed for healthy adults.
Chapter 10, Weight
Gain During Pregnancy, p. 179
10)The mother’s optimal weight gain during
pregnancy, sufficient to support and nurture her and the fetus is
essential. Therefore a report of the National Academy of Sciences,
‘Nutrition During Pregnancy’ recommends setting weight gain goals
according to a woman’s pre-pregnancy nutritional status and body mass
index. Therefore if Annabella goes to the doctor and is recommended to
gain 25 to 35 lbs during pregnancy, it would be because she is
- Underweight
- Normal- weight
- Overweight
- Obese
- Teenage girl
"O LORD, you have searched me and you know me. You know when I sit
and when I rise;you perceive my thoughts from afar." (Psalm 139: 1-2,
NIV)
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
BMI is less than 19.8
2)
Need to gain 28 – 40 lbs
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
BMI is between 19.8 – 26
2)
Need to gain 25 – 35 lbs
What would make ‘D’ the
correct answer?
1)
BMI is between 26 to 29
2)
Need to gain 15 – 25 lbs
What would make ‘E’ the correct answer?
1)
BMI is greater than 29
2)
Need to gain ~ 15 lbs
Chapter 11, How
Infants Learn to Eat, p. 202
11) Add iron-fortified infant cereals, starting
with less allergenic rice and progressing to wheat and mixed grains at
this stage
A. 9 to 12 months
B. 6 to 8 months
C. 4 to 6 months
D. 48 months later
E. Both a & c
"You discern my going out and my lying down; you
are familiar with all my ways. Before a word is on my tongue you
know it completely, O LORD." (Proverbs 139:3-4, NIV)
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
Gradually delete strained foods and introduce various table foods
(chopped, well-cooked vegetables and meats and chopped, well-cooked or
canned fruits).
2)
Use smaller finger foods as the pincer grasp develops
3)
Add other well-cooked mashed or chopped table foods, all prepared
without added salt or sugar.
4)
Help the child to drink moderate amounts of juice by cup.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
Add strained fruits and vegetables progressing to strained or
finely chopped table meats.
2)
Add finger foods (e.g., biscuits or dry toast that can be secured
with a palmar grasp.
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
Reduced fat or fat-free cow’s milk is not recommended until after
the age of 2.
CHAPTER 12, AGING
PROCESS AND NUTRITIONAL NEEDS, p. 214
12) This is a biological change that affects the
aging process.
A. Gradual loss of functioning cells with reduced
cell metabolism
B. Common decline in insulin production results in
elevated blood glucose levels and diabetes.
C. Decreases in melatonin, the hormone responsible
for regulating body rhythms, may interfere with normal cycles of
wakefulness and sleep and change in body composition is attributed to
decreases in growth hormone, and the sex hormones estrogen and
testosterone.
D. Menopause, the end of a woman’s child bearing
years is marked by the cessation of estrogen and progesterone.
E. All of the above
The
correct answer is ‘E’
Chapter 10:
FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL PROBLEMS, p. 180 - 181
13) Bianca is dealing with a problem during
pregnancy with these symptoms: It is usually mild only occurring briefly
during the first trimester and is caused by hormonal adaptations in the
first weeks and may be increased by stress or anxieties about the
pregnancy itself but if it becomes severe it is called hyper-emesis
gravidarum and medical treatment is required. What would you tell her as
her nutritionist?
A.
She is dealing with constipation.
B.
She is dealing with heartburn
C.
She is dealing with hemorrhoids
D.
She is dealing with “Morning Sickness”
E.
She is dealing with effects of iron supplements.
The correct answer is “D”
What would make “A” the correct diagnosis for
Bianca?
1)
May occur in the latter part of pregnancy as a result of the
increasing pressure of the enlarging uterus and the muscle-relaxing
effect of placental hormones on the gastrointestinal tract, reducing
normal peristalsis.
2)
Helpful remedies to combat this include adequate exercise,
increased fluid intake, and high-fiber foods such as whole grains,
vegetables, dried fruits (especially prunes and figs).
3)
Bianca should avoid artificial laxatives when dealing with this.
What would make “B” the correct diagnosis for
Bianca?
1)
Bianca is dealing with a “full feeling”
2)
Caused by the pressure of the enlarging uterus crowding the
stomach.
3)
Gastric reflux of food now a liquid food mass mixed with stomach
acid may occur in the lower esophagus, causing irritation and a burning
sensation.
4)
This diagnosis has nothing to do with the heart action but is
called heartburn because of the close proximity of the lower esophagus
to the heart.
5)
This comes from general gastric pressure, lack of normal space in
the area, a large meal, or gas formation.
6)
Helpful remedies to combat this would be to divide the day’s food
intake into a series of small meals and avoiding large meals at any time
usually. Comfort is improved by wearing loose-fitting clothing.
What would make “C” the correct diagnosis
1)
Bianca is dealing with enlarged veins in the anus, often
protruding through the anal sphincter during the latter part of the
pregnancy.
2)
Vein enlargement is usually caused by the increased weight of the
baby and the downward pressure it produces.
3)
May cause considerable discomfort, burning, and itching and may
even rupture and bleed under the pressure of a bowel movement, causing
the mother more anxiety.
4)
Remedy to combat this is controlled by the dietary suggestions
given for constipation.
5)
Sufficient rest during the latter part of the day also may help
relieve some of the downward pressure of the uterus on the lower
intestine.
What would make ‘E’ the right diagnosis for Bianca?
1)
Effects of this include gray or black stools and sometimes
nausea, constipation, or diarrhea.
2)
Should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal with a
liquid such as water or orange juice, not milk or tea.
3)
Absorption is increased with foods high in Vitamin C such as
Orange Juice, Tomato Juice, Strawberries, Cantaloupe, and Broccoli and
decreased with milk, other dairy foods, eggs, tea, coffee, whole grain
bread, and cereal.
4)
High intake of this can reduce the body’s ability to absorb zinc
and may result in suboptimal status.
Chapter 11,
CHILDHOOD, p. 203
14) During this time of childhood, Camille’s
parents are concerned when they see Camille eating less food and at
times having little appetite, while being easily distracted from food to
another activity. They are told by their nutritionist to increase the
variety of foods available for Camille will help her develop good food
habits. They are also told that the food preferences grow directly from
frequency of food’s use in a pleasant surroundings and increased
opportunity to become familiar with a number of foods. Especially, they
are told not to bribe Camille with sweets which should be reserved for
special occasions. What stage of childhood would Camille be in?
A. School Age – Children (5 to 12 years)
B. Preschool Children (3 to 5 years)
C. Toddler ( 1 to 3 years)
D. None of the Above
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make Camille’s stage of childhood to be
‘A’
1)
Food preferences are the products of earlier years and are
increasingly exposed to new stimuli, including television which
influences food habits.
2)
The relationship between sound nutrition and intellectual
learning has long been recognized, establishing breakfast as a
particularly important meal for children.
What would make Camille’s stage of childhood to be
‘B’?
1)
Appetite continues in spurts.
2)
Form life patterns in eating habits as a result of social and
emotional experiences.
3)
Frequently lead to food-jags, brief sprees or binges of eating
one particular food that last a few days but are usually short-lived and
of no major concern.
4)
Food variety and small portions should be given.
5)
Group eating becomes a significant means of socialization.
6)
Five A Day – Let’s Eat and Play helps them participate in food
preparation and then eat their own creation.
7)
Plant and tend gardens of various vegetables as part of their
learning experience.
Chapter 12,
Effect on Food Patterns, p. 214
15) Aging affects food patterns in this way:
A. Secretion of digestive juices and motility of
gastrointestinal muscles gradually diminish, causing decreased
absorption and use of nutrients.
B. Decreased taste, smell, and vision also affect
appetite and reduce food intake.
C. Decreased hand function can reduce one’s
hand-eye coordination and ability to cook and prepare food.
D. “Just aging” is really the result of poor
nutrition and lack of sufficient nourishment is the primary nutrition
problem of older adults.
E. All of the above
The
correct answer is ‘E’
Chapter 10,
Nutritional Risk Factors in Pregnancy, p. 181
16) All of the following are risk factors at the
onset of pregnancy except
- Poverty
- Age: 18 yrs or younger, 35 yrs or older
- Bizarre or trendy food habits
- Low hemoglobin or hematocrit
- Abuse of nicotine, alcohol, or drugs
The correct answer is ‘D’ (11:56)
What would be other risk factors at the onset of
pregnancy?
1)
Frequent pregnancies: three or more during a 2-year period.
2)
Poor obstetric history or poor fetal performance.
3)
Therapeutic diet required for a chronic disorder.
4)
Weight: <85% or >120% of standard weight
What would be other risk factors during pregnancy?
1)
Inadequate weight gain: Any weight loss or weight gain of <1kg (2
lbs) per month after the first trimester.
2)
Excessive weight gain: > 1 kg (2lbs) per week after the first
trimester.
Chapter 11,
Adolescence (12 to 18 years), p.207
17) Danielle may have all of the following
characteristics as she grows as an adolescent except
- Develop an increasing amount of fat deposit,
especially in the abdominal area. Bony pelvis widens and
subcutaneous fat increases and the size of the hip increases causing
much anxiety.
- Will have a growth spurt that is faster but
eventually slows down in weight and height.
- There is increased muscle mass and long-bone
growth and early sexual maturation made them more likely to be
thinner.
- If sexual maturation is experienced early,
more likely to become overweight and obese than others who do not
mature until later.
- Non-Hispanic African American girls and boys
begin the process of sexual maturity Mexican-American or
non-Hispanic Caucasian children.
The
correct answer is ‘C’
Chapter 12,
Individuality of the Aging Process, p. 215
18) Evangelica is in the process or condition of
growing old as individuals get old at different rates and in different
ways, depending on their genetic heritage and their health and nutrition
resources of past years. What would you say she is going through?
- Menopause
- Senescence
- Senility
- All of the above
- None of the above
The correct answer is ‘B’
Chapter 10,
Complications of Pregnancy, p. 184
19) Felicia, is part of the 10% of the women in
large U.S. prenatal clinics having low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels,
she is also poor living on marginal diets barely adequate for
subsistence. During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, a
low-dose- supplement of 30 mg of ferrous iron daily can provide the
amount of extra iron needed. As her nutritionist, what would your
diagnosis for Felicia’s pregnancy complication be?
A. She is suffering from Intrauterine Growth
Failure
B. She is suffering from Pregnancy-Induced
Hypertension
C. She is suffering from Gestational Diabetes
D. She is suffering from Anemia
E. She is suffering from a Pre-existing Disease
The correct answer is ‘D’
What would make Felicia’s diagnosis to be ‘A’
1)
Children born with this have multiple survival and growth
problems.
2)
Felicia has low pregnancy weight, inadequate weight gain during
pregnancy, and smokes.
3)
In adolescents, low weight gain of 20 weeks into the pregnancy
has been shown to carry a twofold risk.
What would make Felicia’s diagnosis to be ‘B’?
1)
Formerly called toxemia, it is especially related to diets low in
protein, kcalories, calcium, and salt. Such malnutrition affects the
liver and its metabolic activities.
2)
Has been associated with poverty and most often found in women
subsisting on inadequate diets with little or no prenatal care.
3)
Symptoms of this which occur in late pregnancy, are elevated
blood pressure, abnormal and excessive water retention, albumin in the
urine, and in severe cases convulsions, a condition called eclampsia.
What would make Felicia’s diagnosis to be ‘C’?
1) Glucose in the urine results from the increased
metabolic workload during pregnancy and the increased volume of blood
with its load of metabolites, including glucose.
2) Some of the extra glucose spills over into the
urine so those who show glycosuria or have blood glucose levels of 110
mg within 2 hours after a meal are provided with careful follow-up.
3) Those who are over age 30 and are overweight
with a BMI > 26.
4) Family history or ethnicity associated with high
incidence of diabetes.
5) Previously explained still births
6) Large babies weighing 9 lbs or more.
7) Habitual abortions
8) Birth of babies with multiple congenital
defects.
9) Obesity
10) Occurs more frequently among African-Americans,
Hispanic/Latino Americans, and Native Americans.
11) Higher risk for fetal damage, prematurity, or
delivery of a very large baby, a complicating condition called
macrosomia that is associated with survival dangers.
12) Elevated blood lipid levels
What would make Felicia’s diagnosis to be ‘E’
1)
Preexisting clinical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes,
phenylketonuria (PKU), or other diseases complicate pregnancy.
Chapter 11,
Protein Needs, p. 196
20) Protein is the fundamental tissue-building
substance of the body and for the first 6 months of life, the protein
requirements of an infant are
- 0.8 g/kg
- 1.6 g/kg
- 2.2 g/kg
- None of the above
The correct answer is 'C'
Chapter 12 –
Vitamins and Minerals, p. 215
21) The poor diet of many older adults lacks
sufficient iron to prevent this iron-deficiency therefore they need
attention and encouragement to help them eat more iron-rich foods, along
with Vitamin C-rich foods for added absorption. This is to prevent
- Neural Tube Defect
- Osteoporosis
- Anemia
- None of the above
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
When the DRI recommendation of folate is deficient. For pregnant
women it should be 600 ug/day.
2)
When fruit, juices, whole grain or fortified cereals, green leafy
vegetables, or taking folate supplements is not frequent.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
Vitamin D and calcium are essential nutrients for growth and
maintenance of healthy bone tissue to prevent this.
2)
This is a disorder in which bone mineral density is low and bones
become brittle with a high risk of breaking.
3)
Race and ethnicity are also determining factors in overall bone
health in the elderly to prevent this.
4)
Low bone density is most common among Caucasian women, with
Mexixan American women next, and African-American women the least likely
to develop this.
5)
Contributing factors include the following: less use of calcium
rich food such as milk and other dairy products, loss of appetite and
lack of adequate body fat, less outdoor physical exercise, and decreased
capacity of the skin to produce Vitamin D with exposure to sunlight.
6)
If the AI for Vitamin D is less than 10 ug/day for both men and
women 51 – 70.
Chapter 10,
Physiological Process of Lactation, p. 187
22) The hormone responsible for the let-down reflex
which is the process of the milk moving from the upper milk-producing
cells down to the nipple for infant suckling.
A. Prolactin
B. Oxytocin
C. Both a & b
D. None of the above
The correct answer is ‘B’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
Upon delivery, milk production and secretion is stimulated by
this.
2)
Stimulation of the nipple from the infant suckling sends nerve
signals to the brain of the mother. This nerve signal then causes the
release of this.
3)
It is the milk producing hormone.
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
Upon delivery, milk production and secretion is stimulated by
this.
2)
Stimulation of the nipple from the infant suckling sends nerve
signals to the brain of the mother. This nerve signal then causes the
release of this.
Chapter 11,
Requirements, p. 196
23) An essential nutrient second only to oxygen for
life and the metabolic needs especially during periods of rapid growth
demand adequate fluid intake of this. Infants require more of this per
body weight than adults because greater percentage of their body weight
is made up of this and a larger proportion of the infant’s total of this
is outside the cells and available for loss. In one day an infant takes
this which is equivalent to 10% to 15% of body weight where an adult’s
would be 2% to 4% of body weight.
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fat
C. Water
D. Protein
E. Calcium
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
Of the total kilocalories, they are the main energy source.
2)
Act as a protein-sparer so that the protein vital for building
tissue during childhood growth is not diverted for energy needs.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
It is a back-up energy source and supplies linoleic acid, which
is an essential fatty acid necessary for growth.
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
It is the fundamental tissue-building substance of the body.
2)
It supplies the essential, specific building materials, amino
acids, for tissue growth and maintenance.
3)
As a child grows, this requirement per unit of body weight
gradually decreases.
4)
For the first 6 months of life, the requirement is 2.2 g/kg of
body weight but for a fully grown adult it is 0.8 g/kg of body weight.
5)
A healthy active growing child usually eats enough of a variety
of foods to supply the necessary nutrient of this for overall growth.
Chapter 12,
Nutrient Supplementation, p. 216
24) The DRI’s specify that individuals over the age
of 50 should consume this in supplemental form or through fortified
foods because of the high risk of deficiency resulting from decreased
gastric acidity. Hydrochloric acid is secreted from the gastric mucosal
cells and is necessary for this digestion along with intrinsic factors.
As people age, production and secretion of this acid often decreases and
results in inadequate status of this therefore such persons need a
nourishing diet to help restore tissue strength and health.
A. Anemia
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B12
D. None of the above
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1) The poor diet of many older adults lacks
sufficient iron to prevent this iron-deficiency therefore they need
attention and encouragement to help them eat more iron-rich foods, along
with Vitamin C-rich foods for added absorption. This is to prevent
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
Essential nutrients for growth and maintenance of healthy bone
tissue to prevent osteoporosis.
Chapter 10,
Nutritional Needs, p. 187
25) Milk production requires energy about
800kcal/day for both the process and the product. Thus more food is
needed to meet energy demands. Because some of this energy need may be
met by extra fat stored during pregnancy, the national standard is
______ throughout lactation more than a woman’s normal need of about
2200.
A. 71 g/day
B. 5 ug/day
C. 500 ug/day
D. 1000 to 1300 mg/day
E. 500 kcal
The correct answer is ‘E’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
Protein needs, 25 g/day more than the regular 41 g/day
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
Vitamin D during lactation, Vitamin D would be 5 during
pregnancy.
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
Folate during lactation, Folate would be 600 during pregnancy.
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
Calcium during pregnancy.
Chapter 11,
Mineral and Vitamin Needs, p. 196 - 197
26) This is critical during the most rapid growth
periods of infancy and adolescence. In infancy, mineralization of the
skeleton is taking place, while bones are growing larger and teeth are
forming from initial buds. Intake during rapid adolescent bone growth is
more effective than the use of supplements in older years. Those taking
prednisone are more in need of this.
A. Iron
B. Vitamin K
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin D
E. None of the above
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
Essential for hemoglobin formation and cognitive development in
the early years.
2)
Content of this in breast milk is highly absorbable and fully
meets the needs of an infant for the first 6 months of life.
3)
Solid foods such as enriched cereal, egg yolk, and meat are
needed at about 6 months of age to supply this.
4)
Infants not breast-fed need this type of fortified formula.
5)
Cow’s milk which is very low in this should be avoided the first
year of life.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes only two vitamins that
are potentially needed in supplemental form and this is one of them.
2)
Nearly all infants born in the U.S. and Canada receive a
prophylactic shot of 1 mg of this and no further supplementation of this
is recommended for breast-or formula fed infants.
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes only two vitamins that
are potentially needed in supplemental form and this is one of them.
2)
Oral supplementation of this is still controversial because most
infants are exposed to sunlight and therefore can produce this in their
own skin.
3)
Amount of this in breast milk is dependent on the mother’s intake
and exposure to sunlight.
4)
Where there is very little sunlight, a supplement of 5 to 10 ug/day
of this is recommended.
5)
Formula fed infants do not need an additional supplement of this
because the formula is already fortified.
6)
Excess amounts of this called hypervitaminosis is not unheard of
and are of special concern to children.
Chapter 10,
Advantages of Breastfeeding, p. 188
27) This is an advantage of breastfeeding
A. Improved cognitive development in childhood,
with a positive relationship between the duration of breastfeeding and
IQ in the child.
B. Convenience and economy because the mother is
freed from the time and expense involved in buying and preparing
formula, and her breast milk is always ready, sterile, and provides a
cost-effective method of feeding.
C. Ease of digestion because human milk forms a
softer curd in the gastrointestinal tract that is easier for the infant
to digest.
D. Fewer allergies and intolerance especially in
allergy prone-infants (cow’s milk contains a number of potentially
allergy-causing proteins that human milk does not have) and fewer
infections because the mother transfers certain antibodies or immune
properties in human milk to her nursing infant.
E. All of the above
The correct answer is 'E'
Chapter 11,
Methods of Feeding, p. 197
28) Feeding an immature infant this way carry
hazards and are avoided if possible.
A. Tube Feeding
B. Peripheral Feeding
C. Bottle Feeding or Nursing
D. Breast feeding
E. Both a & b
The correct answer is ‘E’
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
Can be successful with much care and support for immature
infants.
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
Infants who have not yet developed the sucking reflex (acquired
around 32 weeks’ gestation can still benefit from this provided the
mother is willing and able to pump this to the baby from tube feeding.
Chapter 10, Rate
of Weight Gain, p. 179
29) Approximately 1 to 2 kg ( 2 to 4 lbs ) is the
average amount of weight gain during the ______ of pregnancy.
A. Third trimester
B. Second trimester
C. First trimester
D. All of the above
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
Approximately 1 lb a week during the remainder of the pregnancy
is usual.
2)
When unusual patterns of gain, a sudden sharp increase in weight
after the 20th week of pregnancy, possibly indicating excessive water
retention must be watched during this stage.
3)
An insufficient or low maternal weight gain in this stage
increases the risk for intrauterine growth retardation.
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
Approximately 1 lb a week during the remainder of the pregnancy
is usual.
2)
An insufficient or low maternal weight gain in this stage
increases the risk for intrauterine growth retardation.
3)
Increased energy demand is normal and prepares for full infant
growth needs and the mother’s approaching delivery and lactation.
Chapter 11,
Feeding the formula, p. 200
30)
All of the following are dangers when formula feeding an infant
except
- Never the prop the bottle and leave the baby
alone to feed, especially as a pacifier during sleep time
- When the infant uses it as a pacifier, it
deprives the infant of the cuddling that is vital part of nurturing
and also allows milk to pool in the mouth, causing choking, earache,
or bottle mouth with early tooth decay.
- Tilt the bottle to keep the nipple full of
milk to prevent air swallowing and hold the baby’s head somewhat
elevated during feeding to facilitate the passage of milk into the
stomach.
- Never put a child to sleep with a bottle of
milk or fruit juice or other caloric liquid capable of pooling in
the mouth.
- When pooling in the mouth occurs, natural
bacteria found in the mouth feed on carbohydrates, producing
enamel-damaging acid.
The correct answer is ‘C’
Chapter 10, Amount
of Energy Increase, p. 174
31)
The national standard recommends an increase of about _______ per
day for a total of 2200 – 2500 starting with the second trimester of
pregnancy which is an increase of 15% to 20% increase over the energy
need of non-pregnant women.
- 500 kcal
- 300 kcal
- 600 micrograms
- 27 mg/day
- 1000 – 1300 mg/day
The correct answer is ‘B’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
500 kcal should be during lactation
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
Folate in the amount of 600 micro grams is needed during
pregnancy
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
Iron in the amount of 27 mg is needed during pregnancy
What would make ‘E’ the correct answer?
1)
Calcium is the amount of 1000 – 1300 mg/day that is needed during
pregnancy.
Chapter 11: How
Infants Learn to Eat, p. 202
32) Rooting, sucking, and swallowing reflexes are present at
birth, along with the tonic neck reflex. Therefore infants secure their
first food, milk, with a suckling pattern in which the tongue is
projected during a swallow. In the beginning, head control is poor but
develops by the third month of life.
- Age 10 to 12 months
- Age 7 to 9 months
- Age 4 to 6 months
- Age 1 to 3 months
- None the above
The correct answer is ‘D’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
Older infants can now reach for a spoon.
2)
They bite nipples, spoons, and crunchy foods.
3)
Can grasp a bottle and foods and can bring them to the mouth.
4)
With assistance, they can drink from a cup.
5)
These infants have tongue control to lick food morsels off the
lower lip and can finger-feed themselves with a refined pincer grasp.
6)
Normal development behaviors are the basis for the following
progressive pattern of introducing semisolid and table foods to older
infants.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
The gag reflex weakens as infants begin chewing solid foods and
develop a normal controlled gag along with control of the choking
reflex.
2)
Munching movements now develop as older infants increase their
intake of solid foods and chew with a rotary motion.
3)
These infants can sit alone, secure items, release and resecure
them, and hold a bottle alone.
4)
They begin to develop a pincer grasp to pick up very small items
between the thumb and forefinger and put them in the mouth.
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
The early rooting and biting reflex fades and the tonic neck
reflex had faded by 16 weeks.
2)
Infants now change from a suckling pattern with a protruded
tongue to a mature, stronger suck with liquids, and a munching pattern
begins.
3)
Infants are now able to grasp objects with a fistlike palmar
grip, bringing them to the mouth and biting them.
Chapter 10, Food
Sources, p. 175
33) All of the following are complete protein foods of high
biologic value except
- Milk & Cheese
- Egg
- Legumes and grains
- Soy Products
- Meat such as beef, poultry, fish and pork
The correct answer is ‘C’
Chapter 11,
IRREGULAR EATING HABITS IN KIDS
34)
This is an irregular eating habit in kids….
- Food Jags where there are brief sprees or
binges of eating one particular food.
- Skipped meals or lack of interest in foods
- Overeating high fat starched food.
- Physiological Anorexia
- All of the above
The correct answer is ‘E’
Chapter 10,
Minerals, p. 178
35)
Calcium is essential for fetal development of bones and teeth, as
well as the mother’s body needs. It is also necessary for the proper
clotting of blood. This usually supplies enough calcium:
A.
A diet that includes 3 to 4 cups of vitamin A and D-fortified
milk daily
B.
Plus dairy products (cheese, yogurt)
C.
Generous amounts of green vegetables
D.
Enriched/whole grains
E.
All of the above
The
correct answer is 'E'
Chapter 11,
Water Requirements, p. 196
36) Gina is an infant between 0 – 12 months who is not getting enough
fluids into her body, potentially resulting in dehydration because a
greater percentage of the infant’s today body weight is made up of water
and a larger proportion of the infant’s today body water is outside the
cells and hence more easily available for loss. What recommendation
would you give Gina’s parents?
A.
She needs to get between 30 - 50 ml/kg of fluids
B.
She needs to get between 95 – 100 ml/kg of fluids
C.
She needs to get between 110 – 120 ml/kg of fluids
D.
She needs to get between 115 – 120 ml/kg of fluids
E.
She needs to get between 90 – 95 ml/kg of fluids
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
11- 19 years => 50, > 19 => 30
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
1- 4 years => 100, 4 – 7 years => 95
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
3-6 months => 115, 6 – 12 months => 110
Chapter 10,
Vitamins, p. 178
37) It is needed in increased amounts during pregnancy because it is an
important element in tissue growth.
A.
Vitamin A
B.
B Vitamins
C.
Vitamin C
D.
Both a & c
E.
None of the above
The correct answer is ‘D’
What would make ‘A’ alone the right answer?
1)
Vitamin A: 750 – 770 micrograms during pregnancy
2)
Vitamin A: 1200 – 1300 micrograms during lactation
What would make ‘B’ alone the right answer?
1)
They are needed in increased amounts because of their vital role
as coenzyme factors in energy production and protein metabolism.
2)
Vitamin B12 supplements during pregnancy should be 2.6
micrograms.
3)
Vitamins B12 supplements during lactation should be 2.8
micrograms
What would make ‘C’ alone the right answer?
1)
Vitamin C: 80 – 85 milligrams/day during pregnancy
2)
Vitamin C: 115 – 120 milligrams/day during lactation
Chapter 11:
Immature Infants, p. 197
38)
An immature infant has this characteristic
A.
More body water, less protein, and fewer minerals.
B.
Little subcutaneous fat to maintain body temperature.
C.
Poorly calcified bones and incomplete nerve and muscle
development, making their sucking reflexes weak.
D.
Limited ability for digestion-absorption and renal function and
an immature liver, lacking developed metabolic enzyme systems or
adequate iron stores.
E.
All of the above
The
correct answer is 'E'
Chapter 10: Weight
Gain During Pregnancy, p. 179
39) Henrietta is carrying twins and is told by her
doctors to gain this much of weight during her pregnancy as a quantity,
but also to take into account the quality of the weight gain, and the
foods consumed to bring it about. How much would you say she should gain
if you are her doctor?
A. 28 to 40 lbs
B. 25 to 35 lbs
C. 15 to 25 lbs or ~ 15
D. 35 to 45 lbs
E. 35 to 40 lbs
The correct answer is ‘D’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1)
If she is underweight and her BMI index is less than 19.8.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
If she is normal weight and her BMI index is between 19.8 – 26
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
If she is overweight and her BMI index is greater than 26
2) If she is obese than
she needs to gain approximately 15 lbs
What would make ‘E’ the correct answer?
1)
If she is a teenage girl this is the upper end of the recommended
age.
Chapter 11:
Growth in Infants, p. 193
40) Rapid body growth and brain development occur during the
first year where weight increases by
A.
200 %
B.
55 %
C.
40 %
D.
Doubles
The correct answer is ‘A’
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
Body length increases by 55%
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
Head circumference increases by 40%
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
Brain weight is doubled
Chapter 10, Risks
to pregnancy, p. 182
41)
This can cause fetal damage and is contraindicated during
pregnancy.
A.
Alcohol
B.
Cigarettes
C.
Drugs
D.
Caffeine
E.
All of the above
The correct answer is ‘E’
What makes ‘A’ the correct answer in addition to
fetal damage?
1)
Extensive habitual alcohol use leads to the well documented fetal
alcohol syndrome which has become a leading cause of mental retardation
and other birth defects.
What makes ‘B’ the correct answer in addition to
fetal damage?
1)
Cigarette smoking or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
during pregnancy causes placental abnormalities and fetal damage,
including prematurity and low birth weight, largely resulting from
impaired oxygen transport.
What makes ‘C’ the correct answer in addition to
fetal damage?
1)
Drugs cross the placenta and enter the baby’s circulation, thus
creating a potential addiction in the unborn child.
What makes ‘D’ the correct answer in addition to
fetal damage?
1)
Caffeine can enter the placenta and enter fetal circulation.
2)
Stays longer in the bloodstream during the third trimester than
other adults.
3)
Average half life stays 10 – 20 hrs versus 2 to 6 hours
4)
Low birth weigh, smaller head circumference, and congenital
malformations.
5)
5 to 6 mg/kg per day should be the moderate amount to be taken if
need coffee
Chapter 11, How
Infants Learn to Eat, p. 202
42) Isabella is an infant who is given whole cow’s milk, which is not a
good idea at certain months. However her mom found out from her doctor
that it was ok, what would you say the age of the infant to be.
A.
Isabella is between 4 to 6 months
B.
Isabella is between 6 to 8 months
C.
Isabella is between 9 to 12 months
D.
Isabella is over 12 months
E.
Isabella is over 24 months
The correct answer is ‘D’
What would make ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ the correct
answer?
American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding infants for at
least the first 12 months postpartum.
Chapter 10, Breastfeeding, p. 188
43)
Because the production and let-down reflexes of breastfeeding are
hormonally controlled, some negative environmental factors can adversely
affect the amount of milk a mother can produce. Such factors are called
prolactin- inhibitors such as
A.
Stress
B.
Fatigue
C.
Prolonged bed rest
D.
Complications or irregular breast feeding
E.
All of the above
The
correct answer is 'E'
Chapter 11,
Protein Needs, p. 196
44) When it comes to infants, during the 6 -12 months of life, infants
need
A.
1.6 g/kg
B.
2.2 g/kg
C.
0.8 g/kg
D.
90 to 110 kcal/g
E.
105 to 130 kcal/g
The correct answer is ‘A’
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
Infants in the first 6 months of life
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
Adults recommended allowance of protein
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
Infants need to get 90 to 110 kcal/g the first 3 years of life.
What would make ‘E’ the correct answer?
Premature infants need to get 105 to 130 kcal/g per day.
Chapter 10,
Lactation Trends, p. 186
45) The number of mothers choosing to breastfeed
has been on the rise since the 1960’s with 83% of North American mothers
currently initiating breastfeeding. This is a factor contributing to
breastfeeding.
A. More mothers are informed about the benefits of
breastfeeding.
B. Practitioners recognize that human milk can meet
unique infant needs.
C. Maternal Wards and alternative birthcenters are
being modified to support successful lactation.
D. Community support is more available even in some
workplaces.
E. All of the above
The correct answer is 'E'
Chapter 11, Foods
for infants, p. 203
46) Jasmine is an infant who loves to eat finger foods such
as nuts, grapes, carrots, popcorn, and round candy. Her mom or dad
should
A.
Allow her to have those finger foods.
B.
Keep them away from her for careful use only with the older child
C.
Monitor her while she eats those foods.
D.
Mix them with liquids and have her enjoy the taste.
E.
None of the above
The correct answer is ‘B’ because they are foods
with high risk of choking.
Chapter 10,
Nutritional Needs, p. 187
47) Milk production requires energy of this much
for both the process and product.
A. 500 kcal/day
B. 300 kcal/day
C. 800 kcal/day
D. None of the above
The correct answer is ‘C’
What would make ‘A’ the correct answer?
1) Because some of this
energy need to provide the milk maybe met by the extra fat stored during
pregnancy, the national standard is 500 kcal/day throughout lactation
more than a women’s 2200 – 2500 calories.
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
The national standard recommended is 300 kcal/day during
pregnancy more than a women’s 2200 – 2500 calories.
Chapter 11, How
Infants Learn to Eat, p. 202
48)
At
age 4 to 6 months,
A.
Infants are now able to grasp objects with a palmar grip,
bringing them to the mouth and biting them.
B.
Rooting, sucking, and swallowing reflexes are present with the
tonic neck reflex.
C.
The gag reflex weakens and they begin to develop a pincer grasp
to pick up very small items between the thumb and forefinger and put
them in the mouth.
D.
These infants have tongue control to lick food morsels off the
lower lip and can finger-feed themselves with a refined pincer grasp.
E.
None of the above occurs
The correct answer is ‘A’
What would make ‘B’ the correct answer?
1)
1 to 3 months
What would make ‘C’ the correct answer?
1)
7 to 9 months
What would make ‘D’ the correct answer?
1)
10 to 12 months
Chapter 12,
Biological Changes, p. 214
49) The period of decline in estrogen and progesterone production is
accompanied by
A)
An increase in body fat
B)
A decrease in lean tissue
C)
An increase in the risk of chronic disease (heart disease and
osteoporosis)
D)
Menopause
E)
All of the above
The correct answer is ‘E’
Chapter 12,
Nutrients
50) 18 to 40 year olds are lacking mostly this nutrient
A.
Iron
B.
Phosphorus
C.
Magnesium
D.
Calcium
E.
None of the above
The correct answer is ‘D’
Chapter 12,
Body Fat
51) Body fat _______ as one ages!
A.
Decreases
B.
Stays the same
C.
Increases
D.
Stabilizes
E.
Both b & d
The correct answer is ‘C’
Chapter 10,
Breastfeeding
52)
Breastfeed minutes at each breast
A.
1 to 3 min
B.
3 to 5 min
C.
5 to 10 min
D.
3 to 7 min
E.
None of the above
The correct answer is ‘C’
Chapter 12: Life
Expectancy
53)
Women outlive men by an average of
A.
5 years
B.
6 years
C.
7 years
D.
8 years
E.
It is the same
The correct answer is ‘B’
Chapter 10,
Nutritional Requirement During Lactation
54)
Lactation is a/an
A.
Anabolic state resulting in an increased need for energy of 500
kcal/day more than the usual 2200 kcal/day
B.
State where Protein, Zinc, Niacin, Vitamins A, C, and E
requirements increase above those in pregnancy.
C.
State where chronically low maternal Vitamin intake leads to low
iron, Vitamin D, B6, thiamin, and folate in breast milk.
D.
State where the continuation of pre-natal vitamins is important
to ensure adequate nutrient intake.
E.
All of the above
The correct answer is ‘E’
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